Ap world history world civilizations the global experience 4th edition


















Colonial Economies and Governments A. The Silver Heart of Empire 1. Mining labor and methods a. Laborers a. American Indian slaves — early encomienda system b. Changed to large of wage laborers eventually c. Relation of mining to economy a. Service industries develop around mining towns C. Haciendas and Villages 1. Rural estates — basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy a. Some plantation crops sent overseas D. Industry and Commerce 1.

Types of trade a. Sheep raising and textile manufacturing b. Fleet system a. Convoy system sent two fleets annually 1. Came from Philippines as well twice annually b. Galleons protected c. European reaction to supply of American silver a. Paid for Spanish wars 2. Bought manufactured goods from elsewhere and then shipped b. Sharp rise in inflation c. Wealth of Spain still depended on taxation d.

Bankers lended more money than they should have E. Ruling an Empire: State and Church 1. Determining sovereignty a. Method of control of Spanish kingdoms a. University trained bureaucrats — letrados b. Codified laws — Recopilacion c. Two viceroyalties — one in Mexico City and one in Lima 1. Viceroys controlled military, legislative, judicial powers d. Under viceroys — audiencias — professional magistrates at local level 3. Role of the Church a. Set up missions in frontier areas c.

Recording and analysis of Indian culture — for conversion purposes d. Later, state appointed archbishops — subsequently, allegiance 4. Impact of the Church a. Schools run by clergy, universities — law and theology d. Tribunal of Inquisition to judge heretics V. Early settlements a. At first, relations with Native Americans peaceful b. Sugar plantations established c. By , , residents — 30, Europeans, 15, black slaves B.

Sugar and Slavery 1. Labor intensive a. Sugar had to be processed on site b. Required large amounts of capital for machinery — plantation only viable 2. First great plantation economy a. Single crop produced by slave labor b. White planter family as aristocracy c. Slaves at bottom of social hierarchy d. Mixed origin — became artisans, small farmers, herders, free laborers 3. Government structure a. Royal officials trained in law ruled by governor b.

Competition with Europe a. Affected by change in ruling monarchies b. French entrance into Caribbean lowered price of sugar, increased slave price 2. Gold rush begins a. Used slaves for mining labor d.

Wild towns initially turned into network of towns e. Impact of gold discovery a. Opened interior to settlement 1. Hurt indigenous population b. Mining stimulated opening of new areas to ranching and farming c. Rio de Janeiro — closest port to mines — grew d.

Hierarchy of color in new areas e. Portugal continued negative economic policies 1. Buy manufactured goods from abroad, not make a. Gold went from Portugal to England b. Trade imbalance c. Became economically dependent on England VI. Multiracial Societies A. Relation of different ethnic groups a. Europeans, Indians, slaves 1. All came for different reasons 2. Hierarchy based on i.

Christian vs. The Society of Castas 1. Miscegenation a. Few European women available b. Mestizos 1. Intermediary — higher than Indians, but not as respected as Spanish 2.

Sociedad de castas a. Occupation important, but race at birth more instrumental b. Castas — people of mixed origin 1. With marriage, hard to tell — someone lower could pass off as someone higher 3. Class privileges a. Peninsulares — whites born in Spain b. Creoles — whites born in New World 1. Dominated local economies 2. Sensitive to any suggestion of inferiority 3. Would be the leaders of future protest movements 4. Patriarchal society a. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades.

The Italian Renaissance Michelango Buonarotti. Leonardo da Vinci. Nicolo Machiavelli. Looking back to classical past. Encompassing social, cultural, political and economic history, the authors examine key civilizations in world history.

Discusses the development of the world s leading civilizations, emphasising the major stages of interaction between different peoples and societies This edition of the text includes an expanded post Cold War section as well as the issues of terrorism, the Gulf Wars and globalization.

World Civilizations Philip J. Adler Randall L. Close Menu. If you need to contact the Course-Notes. Org web experience team, please use our contact form. While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using!

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