It was sticky. Poe said. Poe angrily sent ears in a bag to then-U. Ambassador G. McMurtie Godley in Laos after being mocked as no threat to the enemy. Messner said, gesturing toward a display. Vater said in an interview. Today, Patpong Road features about 15 go-go bars with strippers illicitly offering themselves to passersby, plus restaurants, live music, shops and a night bazaar, conveniently located in the heart of Bangkok.
That intuitive decision proved providential; roughly a minute after the last crewman had bailed out, the aircraft exploded. Although several of the captured crew were wounded, all survived the war. For the first time since the operation began, not a single B received battle damage. Again, the objectives were successfully struck, with no losses or aircraft damaged. SAC was finally getting its act together.
No aircraft were lost, though one was struck by flak, the only occasion enemy AAA scored a hit. As the last of the Day Seven bombers landed, the obligatory Christmas pause got underway.
SAC used that hour reprieve to develop a comprehensive new battle plan. Day Eight, December 26, was to be the decisive engagement. That night Bs struck Hanoi and Haiphong in a simultaneous attack involving seven waves bombing 10 targets, with bombers crisscrossing at different altitudes and axes of attack.
American ECM capability, long a chronic deficiency, had been significantly enhanced via greater knowledge of enemy frequencies and techniques. Most dramatically, all 8, bombs were released during a single minute timeframe. Nevertheless, the North Vietnamese fought back hard. Then another SAM struck. With unmistakable finality, Ebony Two flipped on its back and turned supernova, lighting up the sky for miles in every direction.
Thousands of gallons of burning JP-4 hung in the sky as if suspended, while shattered remnants of the great ship slowly fluttered to earth like dead leaves. The crew made a valiant attempt to land their crippled BD at U-Tapao, but lost the struggle when an attempted go-around resulted in a departure stall.
Only the gunner and a wounded copilot survived the ensuing crash. Nearly three decades later that same copilot, Defense Intelligence Agency analyst and retired Lt. Cobalt One was releasing bombs on its Trung Quang target when it took a direct hit that killed the navigator and the EWO. The remaining four crewmen would be captured. Soon after that Captain John Mize in Ash Two, whose aircraft had already been hit by enemy fire on two previous sorties, was struck by a missile, the detonation wounding everyone on board.
For his heroism, Mize was awarded the Air Force Cross. While the raid was in progress, the North Vietnamese signaled the White House that they were ready to return to the Paris peace table. By the end of the summer, India was providing artillery support to Bengali insurgents who battled Pakistani State and non-state combatants. East Pakistan became a killing field. Pakistanis wish to undercount the atrocities.
Bangladeshis wish to over-count them. India, for its part, does not declassify documents pertaining to the war at all.
This, too, was a formality given the growing intensity of the proxy war before the official onset of the bilateral confrontation. When the war ended on 16 December , Pakistan was vivisected with East Pakistan emerging as an independent Bangladesh. Pakistan lost more than half of its population and about 15 percent of its territory. However, 61 percent of the 54, square miles 1,41, sq km of land lost in the East was arable, in contrast to a meagre 21 percent of the , square miles 8,02, sq km it retained.
All said and done, the Pakistan Army was reviled for losing the East, which allowed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to ruthlessly rule the west until General Zia-ul-Haq ousted him in a coup in July Also read: Indira Gandhi convinced world before She and Manekshaw both knew timing was key.
This agreement formally concluded the war. India and Pakistan respectively retained the territory seized in Kashmir and a new Line of Control was defined where the Cease Fire Line once stood. Indian participants aver that Bhutto had agreed to make the Line of Control the de jure border when times were more propitious to do so.
Unsurprisingly, Pakistan has never honoured its commitment to resolve outstanding disputes peacefully nor did it ever move to make the Line of Control the de jure border.
Pakistan now claims that no such agreement was ever considered and continues its unending effort to change maps in Kashmir through low-intensity conflict, proxy war, and terrorism. Not only has Pakistan never abided by this agreement, but the Pakistan that emerged from the War ironically was also stronger despite losing a significant amount of valuable territory and more than half of its population. The Pakistan that survived was more defensible, more ideologically coherent, had significantly fewer non-Muslim minorities, and strategically positioned to extract rents by collaborating with the United States on occasion while actively furthering its own agenda at the same time.
Khan began an aggressive liberalising campaign and brutally oppressed any opposition among the Communist and Islamist ranks alike. Username: Password: Lost your password?
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